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Navegando Produção Discente por Assunto "Adolescent"

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    Assessment of quality of life using the EQ- 5D-3L instrument for hospitalized patients with femoral fracture in Brazil
    (Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2018) Souza, Ivanise Arouche Gomes de; Pereira, Claudia Cristina de Aguiar; Monteiro, Andrea Liborio
    Background: Quality of life has become a key outcome in assessing the effectiveness of treatments and interventions in health. Methods: Accordingly, this research study aimed to measure quality of life using the EQ-5D-3L instrument for patients from the Jamil Haddad National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia Jamil Haddad – INTO) with femoral fractures, hospitalized between 11/2015 and 10/2016. Results: A total of 165 orthopedic trauma patients with femoral fractures, aged 18 years or older, who were hospitalized and operated upon in the INTO were assessed. The assessment instruments were applied at admission and in the first and second follow-up visits to the outpatient clinic. Most study subjects were women and older than 60 years. Proximal femoral fracture was the most commonly found fracture. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) assessments over the study period showed an increasing gain in self-assessed quality of life. Similarly, the EQ-5D-3L showed significant improvements in quality of life assessed in the five dimensions of the instrument:mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Conclusion: This type of assessment may help in decision-making and cost-utility assessments related to orthopedic trauma.
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    Avaliação da efetividade dos programas de prevenção da obesidade em adolescentes: revisão sistemática e metanálise
    (Comunicação em Ciências da Saúde, 2017) Freitas, Marina Gonçalves de; Souza, Kathiaja Miranda; Elias, Flávia Tavares Silva; Santos, Marisa da Silva
    Objetivos: Identificar, descrever e avaliar a efetividade dos programas de prevenção da obesidade para adolescentes. Métodos: Revisão sistemática, com busca estruturada em nove bases de dados. Foram considerados elegíveis ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECR) e estudos quase‑experimentais que relataram a experiência desses programas quando comparado a um controle, sendo o tempo de acompanhamento de no mínimo um ano. Os desfechos dos estudos deveriam incluir medidas relativas à obesidade, a partir das quais metanálises foram realizadas. Foi realizada descrição dos componentes dos programas. Resultados: Dentre 1.614 estudos identificados, 13 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. As metanálises realizadas para a diferença de média dos desfechos escore Z do IMC, IMC e prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade foram ‑0,01, 0,01 e ‑0,01, respectivamente. A descrição dos programas revelou elementos motivacionais, de educação, de incentivo à alimentação saudável e atividade física e de envolvimento da família. A metanálise realizada mostrou redução do percentual de gordura corporal (diferença média: ‑2,18). Conclusões: Observou‑se relevância no desfecho percentual de gordura corporal. A descrição mostrou que os programas avaliados possuem amplo leque de intervenções.Palavras-chave: obesidade; adolescente; avaliação de programas e projetos de saúde
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    Predição de diabete na idade adulta a partir de dados do estudo ERICA
    (Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, 2024) Ottavio, Barbara Pozzi
    Introduction: Due to its high prevalence and multiple consequences, diabetes constitutes a major public health issue with significant impacts on the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) and society. The disease affects the quality of life and increases healthcare costs. In 2019, 16 million Brazilians had diabetes mellitus, and understanding future trends of the disease in the country is a necessary step for planning preventive interventions. Objective: Using the database from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), estimate the potential of each individual to develop type 2 diabetes. Method: A literature review was conducted to select type 2 diabetes prediction models that use cardiovascular risk factor measures collected during adolescence to predict the risk of diabetes in adulthood. Logistic regression, constructed from the natural history of clinical variables using data from longitudinal studies, was applied to each individual to identify whether they will develop type 2 diabetes. Probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses were performed with minimum and maximum values of the model parameters. Results: The prediction model estimated that 15.12% (1.1% to 28%) of individuals in the ERICA sample would develop type 2 diabetes in adulthood. It was found that the parameters with the greatest impact on the results are diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides, followed by LDL cholesterol and systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: The application of the predictive model to the ERICA sample resulted in an estimated 15.12% prevalence of type 2 diabetes over a follow-up period of 20.5 years. Studies like the one presented here can provide inputs for considering interventions to curb the advance of the disease and its consequent socioeconomic impacts. Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Logistic Models, Risk Factors, Adolescent.
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    Systematic review of dengue vaccine efficacy
    (BMC Infectious Diseases, 2019) Silveira, Lucia Teresa Côrtes da; Tura, Bernardo; Santos, Marisa
    Background: Dengue is an arbovirus that has rapidly spread worldwide, and the incidence of dengue has greatly increased in recent decades. The actual numbers of dengue cases are underreported, and many cases are not classified correctly. Recent estimates indicate that 390 million dengue infections occur per year (95% CI, 284-528 million), of which 96 million (67-136 million) are symptomatic infections of any severity. One of the goals of the World Health Organization is to reduce dengue mortality by 50% by the year 2020. The use of a vaccine can be an important strategy to achieve this goal. Vaccines for dengue are in various stages of development; in Brazil, only one commercial formulation is available (CYD-TDV), which was developed by Sanofi Pasteur. Methods: To evaluate the efficacy of Dengue vaccine, a systematic review with a meta-analysis was conducted using randomized controlled clinical trials published between 2000 and 2017 that were identified in the MEDLINE databases via PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. The selection was performed by two reviewers independently, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. Results: Seven clinical trials were included, with a total of 36,371 participants (66,511 person-years) between the ages of 2 and 45 years. The meta-analysis using the random-effects model estimated the efficacy of the vaccine at 44%, with a range from 25 to 59% and high heterogeneity (I2 = 80.1%). The serotype-stratified meta-analysis was homogeneous, except for serotype 2, with the heterogeneity of 64.5%. Most of the vaccinated individuals had previous immunity for at least one serotype, which generated safety concerns in individuals without previous immunity. Conclusions: Compared with other commercially available vaccines, the dengue vaccine showed poor efficacy.