Health, economic and social burden of tobacco in Latin America and the expected gains of fully implementing taxes, plain packaging, advertising bans and smoke-free environments control measures: a modelling study

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Data
2024
Autores
Pichon-Riviere, Andrés
Bardach, Ariel
Cairoli, Federico Rodríguez
Casarini, Agustín
Espinola, Natalia
Perelli, Lucas
Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam
Llorente, Blanca
Pinto, Marcia
Juárez, Belén Saenz De Miera
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Tobacco Control
Resumo
Objective To investigate the tobacco-attributable burden on disease, medical costs, productivity losses and informal caregiving; and to estimate the health and economic gains that can be achieved if the main tobacco control measures (raising taxes on tobacco, plain packaging, advertising bans and smoke-free environments) are fully implemented in eight countries that encompass 80% of the Latin American population. Design Markov probabilistic microsimulation economic model of the natural history, costs and quality of life associated with the main tobacco- related diseases. Model inputs and data on labour productivity, informal caregivers’ burden and interventions’ effectiveness were obtained through literature review, surveys, civil registrations, vital statistics and hospital databases. Epidemiological and economic data from January to October 2020 were used to populate the model. Findings In these eight countries, smoking is responsible each year for 351 000 deaths, 2.25 million disease events, 12.2 million healthy years of life lost, US$22.8 billion in direct medical costs, US$16.2 billion in lost productivity and US$10.8 billion in caregiver costs. These economic losses represent 1.4% of countries’ aggregated gross domestic products. The full implementation and enforcement of the four strategies: taxes, plain packaging, advertising bans and smoke-free environments would avert 271 000, 78 000, 71 000 and 39 000 deaths, respectively, in the next 10 years, and result in US$63.8, US$12.3, US$11.4 and US$5.7 billions in economic gains, respectively, on top of the benefits being achieved today by the current level of implementation of these measures. Conclusions Smoking represents a substantial burden in Latin America. The full implementation of tobacco control measures could successfully avert deaths and disability, reduce healthcare spending and caregiver and productivity losses, likely resulting in large net economic benefits.
Description
Palavras-chave
Advertising and Promotion, Low/Middle income country, Packaging and Labelling, Public policy, Taxation
Citação
Pichon-Riviere A, Bardach A, Rodríguez Cairoli F, Casarini A, Espinola N, Perelli L, Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Llorente B, Pinto M, Saenz De Miera Juárez B, Villacres T, Peña Torres E, Amador N, Loza C, Castillo-Riquelme M, Roberti J, Augustovski F, Alcaraz A, Palacios A. Health, economic and social burden of tobacco in Latin America and the expected gains of fully implementing taxes, plain packaging, advertising bans and smoke-free environments control measures: a modelling study. Tob Control. 2024 Sep 25;33(5):611-621. doi: 10.1136/tc-2022-057618.