Associação do fenótipo metabólico com consumo alimentar: estudo de saúde do trabalhador (ESAT)
Associação do fenótipo metabólico com consumo alimentar: estudo de saúde do trabalhador (ESAT)
Data
2021
Autores
Araujo, Christiane Fernandes da Silva
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia
Resumo
Obesos metabolicamente saudáveis são aqueles que apresentam um perfil
metabólico aparentemente favorável, no entanto com possibilidade de transição
para um fenótipo não saudável influenciado por fatores como a alimentação.
Atualmente, observa-se aumento do consumo de alimentos processados e
ultraprocessados, associados a diminuição do consumo de alimentos in natura
e minimamente processados que podem contribuir para o surgimento de
doenças crônicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação do consumo
alimentar com fenótipo metabólico em funcionários de um centro de referência
em Cardiologia, RJ, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo transversal em que foram
coletados dados dietéticos, antropométricos, composição corporal, bioquímicos
e socioeconômicos. Para análise do consumo alimentar utilizou-se o
Questionário de Frequência Alimentar e a classificação NOVA, que diferencia os
alimentos segundo grau de processamento. A classificação do fenótipo
metabólico considerou a presença ou ausência de alterações metabólicas para
glicemia, lipídeos séricos e pressão arterial, combinado com a classificação do
Índice de Massa Corporal de eutrofia ou excesso de peso. Foram considerados
metabolicamente saudáveis indivíduos que não apresentaram nenhuma
alteração nesses critérios, e não saudáveis na presença de pelo menos uma
alteração. Foi considerado eutrófico (IMC ≥18,5 e ≤ 24,9 kg/m2
) e excesso de
peso IMC > 25 kg/m2
. Foram incluídos funcionários da ativa, maiores de 18 anos,
ambos os sexos e excluídos os que apresentaram baixo peso (IMC < 18),
grávidas, lactantes e os que foram cedidos para outras unidades. Dos 160
participantes, a média de idade foi 45,2 ± 1,1 anos, 21,9% tinham hipertensão
arterial e 4,4% diabetes. Do total, 9% eram eutróficos metabolicamente
saudáveis, 17% eutróficos metabolicamente não saudáveis, 19% excesso de
peso metabolicamente saudáveis e 55% excesso de peso metabolicamente não
saudáveis. A mediana do consumo de ultraprocessados representou um terço
do valor energético total em todas as categorias de IMC (32,4% [23,8 – 43,2]
para eutróficos, 32,7% [22,2 – 44,2] para sobrepeso; e 34,3% [27,0 – 44,0] para
obesos, p>0,05). Os valores para associação do consumo com fenótipo foram
1,01 [0,96-1,06] eutróficos metabolicamente não saudáveis, 1,03 [0,98-1,08]
para excesso de peso metabolicamente saudáveis e 1,00 [0,96-1,05] para
excesso de peso metabolicamente não saudáveis considerando alimentos
ultraprocessados. Não foi observada associação entre os fenótipos metabólicos
e o consumo dos grupos de alimentos segundo a classificação NOVA, contudo
foi observado alto consumo de ultraprocessados.
Metabolically healthy obese are those with an apparently favorable metabolic profile, however with the possibility of transition to an unhealthy phenotype influenced by factors such as diet. Currently, there is an increase in the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods, associated with a decrease in the consumption of fresh and minimally processed foods that can contribute to the emergence of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to verify the association of food consumption with metabolic phenotype in employees of a reference center in Cardiologia, RJ, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which dietary, anthropometric, body composition, biochemical and socioeconomic data were collected. For food consumption analysis, the Food Frequency Questionnaire and the NOVA, which differentiates foods according to the degree of processing classification, were used. The classification of the metabolic phenotype considered the presence or absence of metabolic alterations for glycemia, serum lipids and blood pressure, combined with the classification of the Body Mass Index of eutrophy or excess weight. Individuals who did not show any change in these criteria were considered to be metabolically healthy and, unhealthy in the presence of at least one change. Was considered eutrophic (BMI ≥18.5 and ≤ 24.9 kg / m2) and excess weight BMI> 25 kg / m2. Active employees, over 18 years old, both sexes were included and those with low weight (BMI <18), pregnant women, lactating women and those who were transferred to other units were excluded. Of the 160 participants, the mean age was 45.2 ± 1.1 years, 21.9% had arterial hypertension and 4.4% diabetes. Of the total, 9% were metabolically healthy eutrophic, 17% metabolically unhealthy eutrophic, 19% metabolically unhealthy excess weight and 55% metabolically unhealthy excess weight. The median consumption of ultra-processed foods represented one third of the total energy value in all BMI categories (32.4% [23.8 - 43.2] for eutrophic individuals, 32.7% [22.2 - 44.2] for excess weight, and 34.3% [27.0 - 44.0] for obese, p> 0.05). Values for association of consumption with phenotype were 1.01 [0.96-1.06] metabolically unhealthy eutrophic, 1.03 [0.98-1.08] for metabolically healthy excess weight and 1.00 [0, 96-1.05] for metabolically unhealthy excess weight considering ultra-processed foods. No association was observed between metabolic phenotypes and the consumption of food groups according to the NOVA classification, however a high consumption of ultra-processed foods was observed.
Metabolically healthy obese are those with an apparently favorable metabolic profile, however with the possibility of transition to an unhealthy phenotype influenced by factors such as diet. Currently, there is an increase in the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods, associated with a decrease in the consumption of fresh and minimally processed foods that can contribute to the emergence of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to verify the association of food consumption with metabolic phenotype in employees of a reference center in Cardiologia, RJ, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which dietary, anthropometric, body composition, biochemical and socioeconomic data were collected. For food consumption analysis, the Food Frequency Questionnaire and the NOVA, which differentiates foods according to the degree of processing classification, were used. The classification of the metabolic phenotype considered the presence or absence of metabolic alterations for glycemia, serum lipids and blood pressure, combined with the classification of the Body Mass Index of eutrophy or excess weight. Individuals who did not show any change in these criteria were considered to be metabolically healthy and, unhealthy in the presence of at least one change. Was considered eutrophic (BMI ≥18.5 and ≤ 24.9 kg / m2) and excess weight BMI> 25 kg / m2. Active employees, over 18 years old, both sexes were included and those with low weight (BMI <18), pregnant women, lactating women and those who were transferred to other units were excluded. Of the 160 participants, the mean age was 45.2 ± 1.1 years, 21.9% had arterial hypertension and 4.4% diabetes. Of the total, 9% were metabolically healthy eutrophic, 17% metabolically unhealthy eutrophic, 19% metabolically unhealthy excess weight and 55% metabolically unhealthy excess weight. The median consumption of ultra-processed foods represented one third of the total energy value in all BMI categories (32.4% [23.8 - 43.2] for eutrophic individuals, 32.7% [22.2 - 44.2] for excess weight, and 34.3% [27.0 - 44.0] for obese, p> 0.05). Values for association of consumption with phenotype were 1.01 [0.96-1.06] metabolically unhealthy eutrophic, 1.03 [0.98-1.08] for metabolically healthy excess weight and 1.00 [0, 96-1.05] for metabolically unhealthy excess weight considering ultra-processed foods. No association was observed between metabolic phenotypes and the consumption of food groups according to the NOVA classification, however a high consumption of ultra-processed foods was observed.
Description
Palavras-chave
Obesidade, Fenótipo metabólico, Obesidade metabolicamente saudável, Obesity, Metabolic phenotype, Metabolically healthy obesity
Citação
Araújo CFS. Associação do fenótipo metabólico com consumo alimentar: estudo de saúde do trabalhador (ESAT). Dissertação [Mestrado Profissional em Ciências Cardiovasculares]. Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia; 2021.