Long-Term Protective Effect of Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy in a Medium/High Tuberculosis Incidence Setting

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dc.contributor.authorTeixeira, Leidy Anne Alves
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Braulio
dc.contributor.authorCorreia, Marcelo Goulart
dc.contributor.authorValiquette, Chantal
dc.contributor.authorBastos, Mayara Lisboa
dc.contributor.authorMenzies, Dick
dc.contributor.authorTrajman, Anete
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-04T13:20:15Z
dc.date.available2025-02-04T13:20:15Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractThe duration of the protective effect of tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) is controversial. Some studies have found that the protective effect of TPT is lost after cessation of therapy among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in settings with very high tuberculosis incidence, but others have found long-term protection in low-incidence settings. Methods. We estimated the incidence rate (IR) of new tuberculosis disease for up to 12 years after randomization to 4 months of rifampin or 9 months of isoniazid, among 991 Brazilian participants in a TPT trial in the state of Rio de Janeiro, with an incidence of 68.6/100 000 population in 2022. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of independent variables for incident tuberculosis were calculated. Results. The overall tuberculosis IR was 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01– 2.7) per 1000 person-years (PY). The tuberculosis IR was higher among those who did not complete TPT than in those who did (2.9 [95% CI, 1.3–5.6] vs 1.1 [.4–2.3] per 1000 PY; IR ratio, 2.7 [1.0–7.2]). The tuberculosis IR was higher within 28 months after randomization (IR, 3.5 [95% CI, 1.6–6.6] vs 1.1 [.5–2.1] per 1000 PY between 28 and 143 months; IR ratio, 3.1 [1.2–8.2]). Treatment noncompletion was the only variable associated with incident tuberculosis (aHR, 3.2 [95% CI, 1.1–9.7]). Conclusions. In a mostly HIV-noninfected population, a complete course of TPT conferred long-term protection against tuberculosis.
dc.identifier.citationTeixeira LAA, Santos B, Correia MG, Valiquette C, Bastos ML, Menzies D, Trajman A. Long-Term Protective Effect of Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy in a Medium/High Tuberculosis Incidence Setting. Clin Infect Dis. 2024 May 15;78(5):1321-1327. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae101.
dc.identifier.otherDOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae101
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.inc.saude.gov.br/handle/123456789/784
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherClinical Infectious Diseases
dc.subjectMycobacterium tuberculosisen
dc.subjectisoniaziden
dc.subjectrifampicinen
dc.subjectBrazilen
dc.subjectlatent tuberculosis infection.en
dc.titleLong-Term Protective Effect of Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy in a Medium/High Tuberculosis Incidence Setting
dc.typeArticle
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