Splenic Embolism in Infective Endocarditis: A Systematic Review of the Literature with an Emphasis on Radiological and Histopathological Diagnoses
Splenic Embolism in Infective Endocarditis: A Systematic Review of the Literature with an Emphasis on Radiological and Histopathological Diagnoses
Data
2024
Autores
Moreira, Gabriel Santiago
Feijóo, Nícolas de Albuquerque Pereira
Tinoco-da-Silva, Isabella Braga
Aguiar, Cyntia Mendes
Conceição, Francijane Oliveira da
Castro, Gustavo Campos Monteiro de
Carvalho, Mariana Giorgi Barroso de
Almeida, Thatyane Veloso de Paula Amaral de
Garrido, Rafael Quaresma
Lamas, Cristiane da Cruz
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
Resumo
Infective endocarditis (IE) is characterised by fever, heart murmurs, and emboli. Splenic
emboli are frequent in left-sided IE. A systematic review of the literature published on splenic
embolism (SE) between 2000 and 2023 was conducted. Search strategies in electronic databases
identified 2751 studies published between 1 January 2000 and 4 October 2023, of which 29 were finally
included. The results showed that the imaging tests predominantly used to detect embolisms were
computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography (PET)/CT,
single-photon emission computed tomography/CT, ultrasound, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound.
More recent studies typically used 18F-FDG PET-CT. The proportion of SE ranged from 1.4% to 71.7%.
Only seven studies performed systematic conventional CT screening for intra-abdominal emboli,
and the weighted mean frequency of SE was 22% (range: 8–34.8%). 18F-FDG PET-CT was performed
systematically in seven studies, and splenic uptake was found in a weighted mean of 4.5%. There was
a lack of uniformity in the published literature regarding the frequency and management of splenic
embolisation. CT scans were the most frequently used method, until recently, when 18F-FDG PET-CT
scans began to predominate. More data are necessary regarding the frequency of SE, especially
focusing on their impact on IE management and prognosis.
Description
Palavras-chave
Computed tomography, embolism, endocarditis, histopathology, imaging, pathology, positron emission tomography, spleen, splenic emboli, tomography.
Citação
Moreira GS, Feijóo NAP, Tinoco-da-Silva IB, Aguiar CM, da Conceição FO, de Castro GCM, de Carvalho MGB, de Almeida TVPA, Garrido RQ, Lamas CDC. Splenic Embolism in Infective Endocarditis: A Systematic Review of the Literature with an Emphasis on Radiological and Histopathological Diagnoses. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2024 Apr 12;9(4):83. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed9040083.